Electric Arc Furnace

Structurally, EAFs comprise refractory-lined vessels, electrode regulation systems, power supply units, and cooling systems. Refractory materials construct the vessel, electrodes regulate arcs; power supplies deliver electricity; cooling systems ensure operational stability. Classified by arc type: three-phase, consumable electrode, single-phase, and resistance variants; categorized by power: regular, high-power (HP), and ultra-high-power (UHP), with steel mills predominantly employing three-phase HP or UHP configurations.

During steelmaking, scrap and other charge materials are loaded into the furnace; electrodes descend to initiate arcs that release extreme heat, melting the charge; Electrode adjustments then control temperature for refining operations (decarburization/dephosphorization); Precise composition adjustment follows; Qualified molten steel is finally tapped.

Electric arc furnaces achieve >80% thermal efficiency with high energy savings, offering eco-friendly operations, production flexibility, and adaptability to diverse iron-bearing feedstocks (scrap/DRI/HBI); Primarily produce construction-grade steels like rebar while capable of smelting specialty alloys for aerospace/automotive sectors per ASTM A615/AMS 6520 standards.